5-4

5-4 notes

• Macedonia- North of Greece and had rough terrain and cold climate.
 * Bold Words:**

• Philip III: He dreamt of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. He also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C. • Darius III: The king of Persia at the time Alexander led Greece and Macedonians. • Alexander the Great - Info in below pharagraphs
 * Key People:**

• The Macedonians lived in mountain villages and had a fearless king, but no philosophers, sculpture or writers. They were apart of Greece, but looked down on.
 * Key Events:**

__Philips Army__ • 359 B.C. Philip became king of Macedonia and turned peasants into a well- trained professional army. He had phalanxes of 16 men across and deep with 18 foot pike. He used fast moving cavalry to crush disorganized opponents. • Planned to attack Greece

__Conquest of Greece__ • Demosthenes (Athenian Orator) warned Greeks of Philip and told them to form an army. • Athens and Thebes (338 B.C.) joined the army, but Macedonians defeated at the battle of Chaeronea. • 336 B.C. Philip was stabbed at daughters wedding- he never invaded Persia. His son, Philip Alexander was declared the next ruler. He was known as __Alexander the Great__.

• Aristotle taught Alexander science, geography and literature. Alexander liked Homer's book Iliad, because of the Achilles Trojan war accomplishments mentioned in the book. • Alexander knew how to ride a horse, use weapons and command troops. Thebes rebelled and Alexander killed all 6,000 people and the rest were sold to slaves. Greek was too scared to rebel from then on.
 * Alexander Defeats Persia**

__Invasion of Persia__ • 334 B.C. he led 35,000 soldiers across to the Hellespont into Anatolia. Persians had 40,000 men ready to fight but Alexander defeated them at the Granicus River • Darius III raised an army of 50,000 to 75,000 men to face the Macedonians near Issus. Alexander asked his finest soldiers to find a weak spot in the Persian lines. The troops ran straight for Darius. The army and Darius fled, which allowed Alexander to take over Anatolia.

__Conquering the Persian Empire__ • Darius tried to offer Alexander all of the land West of the Euphrates River, but Alexander rejected and told him he would conquer all of Persian Empire. • 332 B.C. Alexander went to Egypt and they called him a pharaoh. Alexander founded the city at the end of the Nile river named Alexandria. Alexander then went to Mesopotamia to confront Darius. Darius made an army of 250,000 soldiers but Alexander attacked in Phalanx attack and Darius fled. That was the end of Persia's power. • Alexanders army occupied Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis. Persepolis, Persia's capital, burned to the ground. Some thought Alexander did it to signal the total destruction of Persia. Some think it was revenge for burning down Athens.

• Alexander went to find Darius and to conquer Persia's remote Asian Provinces. He went to the south of Caspian Sea and he found Darius dead, murdered by one of his provincial governors. Alexander continued East, in order to reach the further end of the continent.
 * Alexanders Other Conquests**

__Alexander in India__ • 326 B.C. Alexander and his army reached the Indus Valley. At the Hydaspes River, a powerful Indian army stood in the way. Alexander and his army crushed them, and decided to travel 200 miles more. All of the soliders had been 11 years fighting and more than 11,000 miles in traveling, they demanded to go home so they turned around. • 323 B.C. they traveled back to Babylon, where Alexander had announced to organize and unify his empire by conquering Arabia, building new roads, cities and harbors. Although he died at 32 years old, two days after he announced his plan.

__Alexander's Legacy__ • Antigonous became King of Macedonia and took control of the greek city-states. • Ptolemy seized Egypt, took the title of the pharaoh, and established a dynasty. • Seleucus took most of the old Persian Empire, which became known as the Seleucid kingdom. • They had full power of their subjects • Alexander took in the dress and cultures of Persia and even married a Persian woman. Persians were included in the army. A vibrant new culture emerged from the blend of Greek and Eastern Customs.