6-3

6-3 notes

__•Christos:__ A greek word meaning "messiah" or "savior." The name Christiananity was derived from "Christ." __•Diaspora:__ This dispersal of the Jews when they were driven from their homeland into exile. __•Martyrs:__ People willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of a belief or a cause. __•Bishop:__ A priest who supervised several local churches. __•Pope:__ The father or head of Christian Church.
 * Bold Words:**

__•Jesus:__ 6-4 B.C. A jewish man was born in in Bethlehem in Judea. He was raised in Nazareth, Palestine. He was batized by John the Baptist(prophet) and took up trade of carpentry. __•Apostles:__ The twelve men who wrote some of the teachings in the Gospel.(They were Jesus's disciples) __•Paul:__ He had an enormous influence on Christianity's development. He was a Jew that never met Jesus and at first was an enemy of Christianity. While traveling to Damascus in Syria, he reportedly had a vision of Christ. He spent the rest of his life spreading and interpreting Christ’s teachings. __•Peter:__ Traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became the first bishop there.
 * Key People:**

• Rome took control of Jewish Kingdom in A.D. 6, but Jews thought they would once be freed by Messian.
 * Key Events:**
 * The Life and Teachings of Jesus**

//__Jesus of Nazareth:__// • Jesus • Jesus preached, taught, did good works, and performed miracles. He taught: - Monotheism: The belief in one god - 10 commandments - The importance of people's love for God, neighbors, enemies, and themselves. - God would end wickedness in the world and would establish an eternal kingdom after death for people who sincerely repented their sins.

//__A Growing Movement__// • Main source of Jesus teachings was the Gospels(first 4 books of the New Testament of the Bible) • Jesus popularity grew because he ignored the wealth status, therefor poor people liked him. He would say, "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth"

//__Jesus' Death__// • Jesus popularity concerned Roman and Jewish leaders to when to he came to visit Jerusalem in A.D.29 the Jews greeted him as the Messiah.The Roman government Pontius Pilate accused Jesus of defying the authority of Rome. Pilate arrested Jesus and sentenced him to be crucified. • After Jesus death he was placed in a tomb and according to Gospels, three days later his body was gone and he kept appearing to his follower. He was then ascended into Heaven. The apostles were convinced he was the Messiah. He got the name "Jesus Christ."

• The followers of Jesus spread his ideas, his first followers were Jews. Jewish people began to spread their new religion based on his messages.
 * Christianity Spreads Through the Empire**

//__Paul's Mission__// • Paul • The Pax Romana provided the ideal conditions for Christianity to spread. Common languages(Latin,Greek) were used to spread it. Paul wrote influential letters, called Epistles, to groups of believers. Paul wrote: - Jesus was the son of God who died for people's sins - Christianity should welcome all converts, Jew of Gentile • Christianity became more than just a local religion.

//__Jewish Rebellion__// • A.D. 66 a band for Jews rebelled against Rome. • A.D. 70 The Romans stormed Jerusalmen and destroyed the Temple complex (today holiest Jewish shrine) • The Jewish fortress near Masada held out until A.D.73 - half a million Hews were killed in the course of this rebellion • A.D.132 another half million jews died in 3 years of fighting. Jews were driven from homeland into Exile.

//__Persecution of the Christians__// • Christians refused to worship Roman gods, and some Roman rulers used Christians as scapegoats for political and economic troubles. • Second Century, Paz Romana began to crumble, and persecution of the Christians intensified. Romans killed, exiled, imprisoned Christians for refusing to worship Roman deities. They persecuted for being Martyrs.

• Late 3rd century A.D., 3 millions of Christians in the Roman Empire and beyond. Christianity grew because: • embraced all people • gave hope to the powerless • appealed to those who were repelled by the extravagances of imperial Rome • Offered a personal relationship with a loving God • Promised eternal life after death
 * A World Religion**

//__Constantine Accepts Christianity__// • A.D. 312 Roman emperor __Constantine__ was fighting three rivals for leadership of Rome. Before the battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine prayed for divine help and saw a cross and demanded all his troops to put the cross symbol on their shields..they won battle. • A.D. 313, Constantine announced an end to the persecution of Christians and in 380, the emperor Theodosius made it the empire's official religion.

//__Early Christian Chruch__//

• Christians had a religion structure. A bishop would supervise several local churches- Peter was first bishop- and was known as the "rock" by Jesus. • Every major city had its own bishop- and Peter was claimed a pope. They said whoever was bishop of Rome was the leader of the whole church. Church was in the capital of Rome's empire.

//__A Single Voice__// • Church leaders called any belief that appeared to contradict the basic teachings a heresy so church leader tried to set a single, official standard belief. These beliefs were put in the New Testament which contained the 4 Gospels, Epistles of Paul, other documents. It was added to Hebrew Bible(Old Testament) • 325 A.D. Constantine called church leaders to Nicaea in Anatolia and they wrote the Nicene Creed, which defined the basic beliefs of the Church.

//__The Fathers of the Church__// • Fathers of the church helped defining Church teachings - important one was Augustine who was a bishop of the city Hippo in North America in 396. He taught: -Humans needed the grace of God to be saved - People could not receive God's grace unless they belonged to the Church and received the sacraments • Augustines famous book was The City of God. He wrote that the fate of cities such as Rome was not important because the heavenly city the city of God, could never be destroyed.