14-3

14-3:

__Common law:__ Ruling s of Englands royal judges formed a unified body of law __Magna Carta:__ Most celebrated document in English history (Great Charter) __Parliament:__ Legislative Group __Estates General:__ A meeting of different groups of people or a council. __Jury in medieval england__: Group of loyal people usually 12 neighbors of the accused who answered royal judge's questions about the facts of a case (jury cases were only powered by the kings courts)
 * Bold Words:**

__William The Conquerer:__ He was the duke of normandy and the invader of England. __Henry II:__ He was the English king who was married to Eleanor Aquitaine of France. He was also a vassal to the French King and ruled England between 1154- 1189. __Hugh Capet:__ Undistinguished duke from Middle of France. __Phillip II:__ He was part of the powerful Capetians and was called Philip Augustus. He ruled the Capetians 1180-1223. __Alfred Anglo Saxon:__ Was the king of England from 871- 899 __Canute:__ 1016 he Conquered England __King Edward:__ He was the descendent of Alfred the Great and in 1042 took throne. He was also a confessor. His cousin claimed crown and invaded england with norman army. After battle of Hasting- all of England was King Edwards personal property. He granted 200 acres of land to normal lords who swore an oath of loyalty to him personally. Which started centralized government in England and owned land in England and normandy. __Herald Gondwinson:__ He is William's rival and claimed throne for Anglo Saxon. __Richard the Lion-hearted:__ He was the hero of the third crusade and son of Henry. __John:__ John was the younger brother of Richard and took thrum from 1199- 1216 but failed as military leader. He was also referred to as "John Softsword." He alienated the church and threatened town of taking their charters. __Philip Augustus:__ He took land from John all normandy and norther France. __Edward I:__ He needed to race taxes against the france war welsh and scotts. In 1295- Edward Summoned two burgess (citizens) and two knights from even borough to serve in parliament and met together in westminster in london. __Louis the Sullgard:__ He was the last member of Carolingian that died in 987.
 * Key People:**

__-England Waves of Invaders-__ __Early Invasions__ • England was known as the "Land of Angels" and Britain was invaded by Danish Vikings.
 * Key Events:**

__The Norman Conquest__ • The region in North France was conquered by the vikings, northmen. • The battle of Hastings- was a battle between the normans and anglo saxons changed history. On October 14th, the Normans won after herald was hit by an arrow in the eye.

__-England Involving Government-__ • English kings tried to hold and add to there french lands and strengthen their power over church and nobles.

__Juries and Common Law__ • Henry strengthened courts of Justice by sending royal judges once a year to every part of England. Judges were the ones who collected taxes, settled law suits, and settled crimes.

__The Magna Carta__ • On June 15th the nobles of John revolted and forced him to agree to the most celebrated document in English history, The Magna Carta. The Magna Carta guaranteed certain basic political rights, a safe guard feudal rights and limit kings power. The Magna Carta applied to all people.

__The Model Parliament__ • Between 1300 - 1400 king contacted the knights and burgesses when a next tax or law was made. This provided check on royal power.

__-Capetian Dynasty Rules France-__ • During 1000 France was divided into 47 feudal territories.

__France Becomes a Separate Kingdom__ • Hugh Capet and his family were known to be weak rulers but time and geography favored Capetain. For 300 years capetian king tightened grip on this strategic area. Growth/ Royal power would reunite France.

__Phillip the II expands his power__ • Phillip was the most powerful capetians and he ruled between 1180- 1223. As a child he watched his father lose land to king Henry II/ Richard the Lion- Hearted. At age 15, he set out to weaken the power of the english kings in France. He then earned the name Augustus which came from the latin word majestic. • He greatly increased the territory of France when John was in power who was the first French king to become more powerful than any of his vassals. Phillip II established royal officials called bailiffs who were sent to Paris to every district to proceed over the kings court and to collect kings taxes.

__Phillip II Heirs__ • France's government became stronger when his grandson Louis IX ruled from 1226 to 1270. After his death he was made a saint by the Church. He created french appeals court- overturn decisions of the local courts and strengthened monarchy while weakening feudal ties. • In 1302 he had issues with the pope because the pope refused his priests to pay the taxes so they had a meeting that included commoners to discuss the issue.

__Estates General__ • The church leaders were known as the first estate. The great lords were the second estate and the commoners was known as the third estate. The whole meeting was known as the estates general and helped to increase royal power against nobility. Third estate key role was in over throwing the monarchy during the french revolution.

__Beginning of Democracy__ • Common law and court systems was step to increased central government power. Before England and France moved forward a dispute on religion plague and war went about.