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__Chivalry:__ A complex set of ideals that Knight's had to follow __Tournaments:__ Mock Battles that Knight's took a part in to get some more experience.
 * Bold Words:**

__Troubadours:__ were traveling post-musicians at the castles and courts of Europe. They composed short verses and songs about the joys and sorrows of romantic love.
 * Key People:**


 * Key Events:**
 * Knights: Warriors on Horseback**

• Soldiers on horseback was valuable in combat during the ruling of Charles Martel in 700s. He organized Knights. __The Technology of Warfare Changes__ • Saddles and stirups changed warfare in Europe in 700s and was made in Asian in 200 B.C. • Saddle kept warrior on horse, stirrups helped to ride and handle heavy weapons. Knights could knock over foot soldiers and riders on horseback. Knights and war horses became important in war. __The Warrior's Role in Feudal Society__ • 11th century Europe feudal lords raised private armies of knights and used abundant resource the land. Knights got rewarded fiefs from sprawling estates. Knights could afford to pay for weapons, armor, and warhorses. • Knights had 40 days of combat a year and main obligation was to serve in battle. Wrestling and Hunting helped them gain strength.


 * Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry**

• 1100s the code of chivalry demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters. 1)earthly feudal lord 2) heavenly lord 3) his chosen lady. The chivalrous night protected the weak and the poor. The ideal night was - loyal, brave, courteous. Knights did treat lower classes brutally. __A Knight's Training__ • Sons of nobles at age 7 would be sent to a castle of another lord. As a page, he waited on his hosts and began to practice fighting skills. At age 14, the page reached the rank of squire. A squire acted as a servant to a knight. Age 21, a squire became a knight. • Knights gained experience fighting in local wars, Tournaments. Two armies of knights charged each other. Tournaments were fierce and bloody and winners could usually demand large ransoms from defeated knights. __Brutal Reality of Warfare__ • 1100s massive walls and guard towers encircled stone castles. Lord and lady, their family, knights and other men-at-arms, and servants made their home in the castle. Castles were popular in countryside western Europe. Castle was also for defense. • Defenders of a castle poured boiling water, hot oil, or molten lead on enemy soldiers. Expert archers were stationed on the roof of the castle armed with crossbows, they fired deadly bolts that could pierce full armor.


 * The Literature of Chivalry**

• 1100s many stories idealized castle life, knighthood, chivalry, tournaments, real battles. Songs and poems about a knight's undying love for a lady were very popular. __Epic Poetry__ • Feudal lords and their ladies liked listening to epic poems which recounted a hero's deeds and adventures. They told legendary heroes such as King Aurthor & Charlemage. • //The Song of Roland// is a popular medieval epic poems. It praises a band of French soldiers who perished in battle during Charlemagne's reign and transforms the event into a struggle. __Love Poems and Songs__ • Under the code of chivalry, a knight's duty to his lady was just as important. • Troubadours • A troubadour might sing about love's disappointments. • Other songs told of lovesick knights who adored ladies they would probably never win. The code of chivalry promoted a false image of knights, making them seem more romantic than brutal. The love songs created an artificial image of women troubadours thought, noblewomen were always beautiful and pure. • Troubadours liked Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) because she was the queen of England, mother of 2 kings (Richard the Lion-Hearted and John) Richard composed songs.

• Women in feudal society were powerless and were thought to be inferior to men. Women were important to noble and peasant families. __NobleWomen__ • Feudal system could inherit an estate from her husband and send his knights to war and then act like a warrior or military commander. They also threw rocks and arrows at attackers. • Females in noble families were only able to do activities in the home or thee convent and had little property. __Peasant Women__ • Peasant women performed endless labor around the home and often in the fields, bore children, and took care of their families. Young girls peasants learned practical household skills from their mother at an early age. Rich young girls were educated by tutors. • Women became more important in Medieval times
 * Women's Role in Feudal Society**