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__English Civil War:__ • 1642- 1649 - those who were royal to Charles were called Royalists/ Cavaliers - opponents were called Puritan supporters of Parliament - Cavaliers called Puritan supporters "Roundheads"
 * Bold Words:**

__Restoration:__ The period of Charles II rule because he restored the monarchy Habeas Corpus: In latin it meant "to have the body". This 1679 law gave every prisoner the right to obtain a writ or document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against the prisoner. The judge would decided prisoners future. This made it so no one could just be put in jails.

__Glorious Revolution:__ - James Daughter, Mary was Protestant and was married to William of Orange, a prince of the Netherlands. - 7 members of Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James - William led his army to London in 1688, James fled to France.

__Cabinet:__ - a group of government ministers, of officials - they acted in the ruler's name but in reality represented the major party of Parliament - They became the link between the monarch and the majority party in Parliament


 * Key People:**

__Charles I__: - he needed money because he was at war with Spain and France - when Parliament refused to give him funds he dissolved it. __Oliver Cromwell:__ - in 1645 his new model army began defeating the Cavaliers, and the tide turned toward Puritans. - 1647, they held the king prisoner.


 * Key Events:**

• Elizabeth cousin, James Stuart was king of Scotland and then became King James I of England in 1603.
 * __-Monarchs Defy Parliament-__**

__James's Problems__ • James struggle with Parliament was money and he refused to make Puritan reforms, like the Purtians wanted.

__Charles I Fights Parliament__ • 1625- James Died and Charles I, his son, took the throne. • 1628 Charles called in Parliament in again but they refused to give him any money until he signed the __Petition of Right__ which Charles agreed to 4 points: - he would not imprison subjects without due cause - he would not levy taxes without Parliament's consent - He would not house soldiers in private homes - He would not impose material law in peactime • Charles ignored the petition and by 1629 he dissolved Parliament and imposed heavy fees and fines on the English people- became less popular • The Petition was important because it set forth the idea that the law was higher than the king. This idea contradicted theories of absolute monarchy.

__**-English Civil War-**__ • 1637, Charles tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book. He wanted both his kingdoms to follow one religion. The scots rebelled, got a huge army and threatened to invade England. Charles then called in Parliament for money -- which gave Parliament a chance to oppose him.

__War Topples a King__ • 1641, Parliament passed laws to limit royal power so Charles arrested them in 1642, but they escaped and a mod of Londoners raged outside the palace. Charles fled to London and raised an army. • 1642- 1649 Supports and Opponents of King Charles fought the __English Civil War.__ • 1644 Puritans found Oliver Cromwell who could win. • 1649- Charles got sentenced to death by Puritans and for treason against Parliament. This was the first time a reigning monarch faced a public trial execution.

__Cromwell's Rule__ • 1649- Cromwell abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. He established a commonwealth, a republican form of government. • 1653- Cromwell sent home the remaining members of Parliament and him and John Lambert drafted the first constitution in European state but Cromwell became a military dictator. • 1649, Cromwell got the Irish shores and land so he gave them to English soldiers. Ireland began with Henry II and Henry VII brought the country under English rules in 1500s.

• Oliver Cromwell died in 1685 and in 1659, Parliament voted to ask the older son of Charles I to rule England.
 * __-Restoration and Revolution-__**

__Charles II Reigns__ • He restored the monarchy during his rule • Parliament passes "habeas corpus" • Charles II brother James, was his heir. He was catholic. Opposed him were called Whigs, and people who supported James were called Tories. They were the ancestors of England's first political parties.

__James II and the Glorious Revolution__ • 1685, Janes II became king and appointed several Catholics to high office. When Parliament protested, James dissolved it. 1688, he had a son and English Protestants became terrified of the line of Catholic kings. • Glorious Revolution

• England became a __constitutional monarchy__ due to William and Mary
 * __-Limits on Monarch's Power-__**

__Bill of Rights__ • 1689, Parliament drafted Bill of Rights - no suspending Parliament's laws - no levying taxes without a specific grant from Parliament - no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament - no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances

__Cabinet System Develops__ • 1688, no British monarch could rule without the consent of Parliament and Parliament could not rule without the consent of the monarch • Over time the cabinet became the center of power and policymaking. The head of the cabinet is called the prime minister.